The guide is intended to level faster, since you only get a boost in XP, when you finish them, and i think this is reduced, when reaching level 80, since you don't need to level anymore. So doing those achievements after hitting level 80 is kind of pointless. before hitting level 80 one volume gives like 100k points. after lvl 80 they only give 7k.
The Testimonies can be spent to purchase Hero Points. Tier 3 participation is important because that is how you start getting pips. Depending on your world's place, you will get more or less pips every 5 minutes as long as you have Tier 3 participation. You can get participation by killing enemies, capturing objectives, and escorting/killingMasteries are account wide, so you can work on them on any character that's level 80. If you get a mount on one character you have it on all your characters, even lower level ones. Same with gliding. Hero points are how you unlock your elite spec, which to some degree changes the way you play your character.
Op, as others mentioned, without any hero points (HP), at level 80 you will unlock all 5 core lines and all utilities. Additional hero points can be found and earned through Tyria, HoT and PoF maps (but not Living World maps). Tyria HP are everywhere, but only provide 1 point. PoF and HoT HP are much less, but provide 10 HP each.
Hero point cost Cumulative cost 1 Sword Proficiency: Trait 30 30 2 Weaver: Trait 10 40 3 Elemental Pursuit: Trait 10 50 4 Elemental Refreshment: Trait 10 60 5 Swift Revenge: Trait 10 70 6 Elemental Polyphony: Trait 10 80 7 Woven Stride: Trait 10 90 8 Aquatic Stance: Skill 15 105 9 Stone Resonance: Skill 15 120 10 Superior Elements: Trait 10 0f9SjyQ.